Abstract

Introduction

Results

Conclusions

Materials and Methods

Figure 1 - Cryo-FESEM of Achnanthes longipes cell with stalk (s).

Figure 3a,b,c - cryo-FESEM

Figure 4 - An electron dense layer of evenly distributed crystalline material on the outer layer on the shaft and collar was observed in ultra-thin sections of A. longipes fixed with HPF/FS.

Figure 5 - Cell staining of Achnanthes longipes with polyclonal antibody AP4.

Figure 6 - Cell staining of Achnanthes longipes extracellular adhesives with polyclonal antibody AP3.

Figure 7 - Immuno-gold localization patterns of monoclonal antibodies AL.C2, AL.C4, and AL. E2 on the sections of HPF/FS fixed A. longipes.

Figure 8 - HPF/FS TEM showed monoclonal antibody AL.C1 uniformly labelled the shaft core, with a lower affinity for the shaft outer layers

Figure 9 - Distinct intracellular vesicles (V1-3) were only observed in HPF/FS preserved Achnanthes cells and not visible in more conventional non-cryo fixed cells.

Figure 10 - Immuno-gold antibodies recognize contents of vesicle V1.

Figure 11 - TEM visualization of electron dense extracellular mucilage in the raphe canal as it passes through the frustule during secretion.

Figure 12a,b - Frustule pore secretions

Figure 13 - Model of the stalk of Achnanthes longipes detailing the location of components characterized here and putative sites of origin from the frustule.

Table 1 - Antibodies raised against extracellular adhesives of Achnanthes longipes.

Table 2 - Summary of colloidal gold-antibody localization patterns of Achnanthes longipes cells and extracellular polymers.